Helm

https://github.com/helm/helm

helm2有两个组件:

helm: 客户端
tiller: 服务端(helm3被移除)

概念:

chart: helm包，包含运行一个应用所需的镜像，依赖和资源.
repository: 用于发布和存储chart的仓库.
release: 在k8s集群上运行的一个chart实例.

repository有哪些:

charts: OSS, public, 已经被artifacthub取代, https://github.com/helm/charts
artifacthub: OSS, public, https://artifacthub.io/
chartmuseum: OSS, private, self-host, https://github.com/helm/chartmuseum
harbor: OSS, private, self-host.
artifactory(jfrog): enterprise, private, self-host.

安装

helm和kubectl一样，访问指定配置的k8s集群。

helm2需要安装tiller并且执行helm init初始化,helm不需要tiller.

本地二进制安装helm3+:

curl https://baltocdn.com/helm/signing.asc | sudo apt-key add -
sudo apt-get install apt-transport-https --yes
echo "deb https://baltocdn.com/helm/stable/debian/ all main" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/helm-stable-debian.list
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install helm

命令

repo管理

查看有哪些repo,默认没有repo

$ helm repo list

添加repo并命名

$ helm repo add [NAME] [URL] [flags]

// 添加charts/artifactoryhub stable命名为stable
$ helm repo add stable https://charts.helm.sh/stable

更新repo:

$ helm repo update

chart管理

从repo中查找chart:

$ helm search hub [KEYWORD] [flags]

从repo里面的chart里面搜索关键字:

$ helm search repo [keyword] [flags]

// 查看stable repo里面所有chart
$ helm search repo traefik

查看chart信息:

helm show chart traefik/traefik
helm show values traefik/traefik > value.yaml

下载chart:

helm pull chart-name

release管理

install/upgrade/uninstall/rollback

status/list/get/history

安装chart:

helm install [name] [chart] [flags]

helm install traefik traefik/traefik

// 需提前创建namespace, 修改value
helm install kubernetes-dashboard kubernetes-dashboard/kubernetes-dashboard -f value.yaml -n kubernetes-dashboard

查看release(每个install都是一个release):

helm list
-a, --all                  show all releases without any filter applied.
-A, --all-namespaces       list releases across all namespaces.

卸载release:

helm uninstall kubernetes-dashboard -n kubernetes-dashboard

查看状态:

helm status mysql

获取release信息:

helm get manifest [name]

misc

helm plugin
helm env

chart开发

创建chart:

helm create my-chart

debug chart：

// 检查语法
helm lint my-chart

// 模拟安装
helm install my-chart ./my-chart --dry-run --debug

模板管理:

helm template [name] [chart]

// 在本地渲染模板
helm template my-chart ./my-chart

依赖chart管理:

helm dependency

// 将依赖的chart下载到chart目录.
helm dep up <chart-name>

测试chart:

helm test

打包chart:

helm package my-chart

验证打包的chart:

helm verify my-chart.tgz

上传chart到repo:

helm repo index my-chart-folder --url <repo-url>

上传chart到registry：

helm registry login
helm push my-chart.tgz oci://registry/helm-charts
helm registry logout

chart 目录:

values.yaml
Chart.yaml
charts/
templates/
templates/tests/

Chart.yaml语法:

https://helm.sh/zh/docs/topics/charts/#chartyaml-%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6

template的流控制:

https://helm.sh/zh/docs/chart_template_guide/control_structures/

template的函数:

https://helm.sh/zh/docs/chart_template_guide/function_list/

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