发布django项目

django内置一个轻量级web开发服务器。

如果要发布django项目需要另外的操作。

也可以发布到其它的云平台。

一般通过wsgi或者asgi来部署.

deploy时django的设置

settings.py中的设置：

ALLOWED_HOSTS = ['*']
DEBUG = False

WSGI 部署

apache2 + mod_wsgi

https://github.com/GrahamDumpleton/mod_wsgi

mod_wsgi是C写的apache的模块，实现了兼容WSGI接口，用来部署python的web应用。

作为apache2的模块安装

# ubuntu/debian
sudo aptitude install apache2 # 安装apache2
sudo aptitude install libapache2-mod-wsgi # for python2
sudo aptitude install libapache2-mod-wsgi-py3 # for python3

# redhat/centos/fedora
sudo yum install httpd2
sudo yum install httpd-devel
sudo yum install mod_wsgi

Ubuntu创建网站的配置文件/etc/apache2/sites-available/mysite.conf:

Fedora创建网站的配置文件/etc/httpd/conf.d/mysite.conf:

一般部署到web服务器，/home/user/修改为/var/www//

# Include the project dir, can not inside VirtualHost section.
WSGIPythonPath /home/user/mysite
# If use virtualenv and named .venv
# WSGIPythonPath /home/user/mysite:/home/user/mysite/.venv/lib/python2.7/site-packages

<VirtualHost *:80>
    ServerName localhost
    # ServerName yoursite.domain
    ServerAdmin canuxcheng@gmail.com

    Alias /robots.txt /home/user/mysite/static/robots.txt
    Alias /favicon.ico /home/user/mysite/static/favicon.ico

    Alias /media/ /home/user/mysite/media/
    Alias /static/ /home/user/mysite/static/

    <Directory /home/user/mysite/media>
    Required all granted
    </Directory>

    <Directory /home/user/mysite/static>
    Required all granted
    </Directory>

    # If use daemon mode to run WSGI process.
    WSGIDaemonProcess mysite python-path=/home/user/mysite
    # If use virtualenv and named .venv
    # WSGIDaemonProcess mysite python-path=/home/user/mysite:/home/user/mysite/.venv/lib/python2.7/site-packages
    # WSGIProcessGroup mysite

    WSGIScriptAlias / /home/user/mysite/mysite/wsgi.py

    <Directory /home/user/mysite/mysite>
    <Files wsgi.py>
    Required all granted
    </Files>
    </Directory>

    # check the log in /var/log/apache2/error_mysite.log or access_mysite.log
    ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/error_mysite.log
    CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/access_mysite.log combined
</VirtualHost>

修改项目的wsgi.py:

因为环境变量是进程范围的，在同一个进程运行多个站点会出问题，所以推荐多站点使用mod_wsgi的守护进程模式,也可以在单进程中覆盖DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE这个变量。

import os

from django.core.wsgi import get_wsgi_application

# If you have more than 1 django project you need to change this.
# Or you can use daemon mode for WSGI process.
# os.environ.setdefault("DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE", "mysite.settings")
os.environ["DIANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE"] = "mysite.settings"
application = get_wsgi_application()

修改项目的settings.py:

ROOT表示存放位置，URL表示对应网址。

DEBUG = False

ALLOWED_HOSTS = ['*']

# Static files (CSS, JavaScript, Images)
STATIC_URL = '/static/'

STATIC_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'static')

# Media files (upload files)
MEDIA_URL = '/media/'

MEDIA_ROOT = os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'media')

收集静态文件和迁移：

$python manage.py makemigration
$python mamage.py migrate
$python manage.py collectstatic

设置权限：

Ubuntu默认用户和组是www-data,Fedora默认用户和组是apache。

$cd /home/user
$sudo chgrp www-data mysite
$sudo chmod g+w mysite
$sudo chgrp www-data mysite/db.sqlite3
$sudo chmod g+w mysite/db.sqlite3
$sudo chgrp -R www-data mysite/media/uploads
$sudo chmod -R g+w mysite/media/uploads

Ubuntu激活网站：

$sudo a2ensite <newsite>
$sudo service apache2 restart

Fedora激活网站：

$sudo systemctl restart  httpd

uWSGI

https://github.com/unbit/uwsgi

C写的wsgi应用服务器。

$ python3 -m pip install uwsgi
$ uwsgi --http :8000 --chdir /path/to/project --module mysite.wsgi

Gunicorn

https://github.com/benoitc/gunicorn

纯python写的WSGI服务器。

$ python3 -m pip install gunicorn
$ gunicorn mysite.wsgi

ASGI

Uvicorn

$ python -m pip install uvicorn gunicorn
$ gunicorn myproject.asgi:application -k uvicorn.workers.UvicornWorker

Hypercorn

$ python -m pip install hypercorn
$ hypercorn myproject.asgi:application

Daphne

$ python -m pip install daphne
$ daphne myproject.asgi:application