Generic Operating System Services

os

import os

os.path # 参考PSL_File
os.name
os.curdir
os.pardir # 表示上一级路径.., 需要用abspath解析
# os.path.abspath(os.path.join(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)), os.pardir))
os.sep
os.extsep
os.altsep
os.pathsep
os.linesep
os.defpath
os.devnull

classes:

functions:

WCOREDUMP(...)
...

abort(...)
fork() # 创建一个子进程，返回0给子进程，返回子进程pid给父进程．
exec*
wait() # 等待子进程结束，返回(pid, status).
waitpid(pid, options) # 等待指定子进程结束.
listdir(path) # 列出目录下的文件和目录
makedirs(path [, mode=0o777], exist_ok=False)
mkdir(path [, mode=0777])
walk(top, topdown=True, onerror=None, followlinks=False) # 返回 (dirpath, dirnames, filenames) 类型的迭代器
remove(path) # 删除文件
rmdir(path) # 删除目录
removedirs(path)
symlink(src, dst)
chown(path, uid, gid)
chmod(path, mode=0o777)
...

# 使用subprocess模块代替下列函数：
system(command) # 在subshell执行命令，返回退出码(windows系统始终为0),而非命令执行结果．
spawn*
popen*(command [, mode='r' [, bufsize]]) # 执行命令，返回命令执行结果的文件句柄(file对象)

data:

EX_CANTCREAT = 73
...

time

import time

classes:

functions:

clock()
sleep(seconds) # 延迟
tzset()

# 获取时间戳(Epoch seconds)
time() # 获取当前时间戳
mktime(tuple) # mktime((2017,8,23,11,7,10,12)) , 参数是时间元组

# 获取时间元组 (tm_year,tm_mon,tm_mday,tm_hour,tm_min, tm_sec,tm_wday,tm_yday,tm_isdst)
localtime([seconds]) # 参数是时间戳
gmtime([seconds]) # 参数是时间戳
strptime(string, format) # 参数是时间字符串

# 获取时间字符串
asctime([tuple]) # 参数是时间元组
strftime(format[, tuple]) # 参数是时间元组
ctime(seconds) # 参数是时间戳

data:

logging

import logging

classes:

Logger(Filterer)
# methods:
setLevel(self, level) # 只会输出指定level以上的log, 默认是WARNING
critical(self, msg, *args, **kwargs) # 50
error(self, msg, *args, **kwargs) # 40
warning(self, msg, *args, **kwargs) # 30
info(self, msg, *args, **kwargs) # 20
debug(self, msg, *args, **kwargs) # 10
exception(self, msg, *args, **kwargs) #
log(self, level, msg, *args, **kwargs) #
addHandler(self, hdlr) # 添加handler到logger

Formatter
# %(asctime)s:%(levelname)s:%(name)s:%(message)s'
Formatter(fmt=None, datefmt=None)

Handler(Filterer)
# methods:
setFormatter(self, fmt)
setLevel(self, level)

StreamHandler(Handler) # 默认打印到sys.stderr
StreamHandler(stream=None)

FileHandler(StreamHandler) # 打印到文件
FileHandler(filename, mode='a', encoding=None, delay=0)

# from logging.handlers import *
WatchedFileHandler
RotatingFileHandler

functions:

basicConfig(**kwargs) # 设置log的格式
# filename/filemode/format/datefmt/level/stream
# format默认是BASIC_FORMAT.
# level默认是warning/warn.
# stream默认是sys.stderr,当filename和stream同时指定，stream被忽略．
# datafmt
# filename 日志文件名
# filemode w每次覆盖写入，a每次追加写入

getLogger(name=None) # 返回Logger类型对象

data:

BASIC_FORMAT = '%(levelname)s:%(name)s:%(message)s'
CRITICAL = 50
FATAL = 50
ERROR = 40
WARN = 30
WARNING = 30
INFO = 20
DEBUG = 10
NOTSET = 0

getopt

C风格的参数处理.

argparse

import argparse

classes:

# argparse.ArgumentParser(_AttributeHolder, _ActionsContainer)
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
    prog -- The name of the program (default: sys.argv[0])
    usage -- A usage message (default: auto-generated from arguments)
    description -- A description of what the program does
    epilog -- Text following the argument descriptions
    parents -- Parsers whose arguments should be copied into this one
    formatter_class -- HelpFormatter class for printing help messages
    prefix_chars -- Characters that prefix optional arguments
    fromfile_prefix_chars -- Characters that prefix files  containing additional arguments
    argument_default -- The default value for all arguments
    conflict_handler -- String indicating how to handle conflicts
    add_help -- Add a -h/-help option
# methods:
add_argument_group(self, *args, **kwargs) # -> argparse._ArgumentGroup
add_argument(self, *args, **kwargs)
    name or flags - Either a name or a list of option strings, e.g. foo or -f, --foo.
    action - The basic type of action to be taken when this argument is encountered at the command line.
    nargs - The number of command-line arguments that should be consumed.
    const - A constant value required by some action and nargs selections.
    default - The value produced if the argument is absent from the command line.
    type - The type to which the command-line argument should be converted.
    choices - A container of the allowable values for the argument.
    required - Whether or not the command-line option may be omitted (optionals only).
    help - A brief description of what the argument does. # 用来打印默认值：%(default)s
    metavar - A name for the argument in usage messages.
    dest - The name of the attribute to be added to the object returned by.
add_subparsers(self, **kwargs) # -> argparse._SubParsersAction
add_mutually_exclusive_group(self, **kwargs)
set_defaults(self, **kwargs)
parse_args(self, args=None, namespace=None) # -> argparse.Namespace
parse_known_args(self, args=None, namespace=None) # -> argparse.Namespace
convert_arg_line_to_args(self, arg_line)
error(self, message)
exit(self, status=0, message=None)
format_help(self)
format_usage(self)
format_version(self)
print_help(self, file=None)
print_usage(self, file=None)
print_version(self, file=None)
get_default(self, dest)
register(self, registry_name, value, object)

# argparse._ArgumentGroup
# methods:
add_argument(self, *args, **kwargs)
add_argument_group(self, *args, **kwargs)
add_mutually_exclusive_group(self, **kwargs)
get_default(self, dest)
register(self, registry_name, value, object)
set_defaults(self, **kwargs)

# argparse._SubParsersAction
# methods:
add_parser(self, name, **kwargs) # -> argparse.ArgumentParser

# HelpFormatter

# Action

functions:

data:

io

errno

getpass

curses

https://github.com/crazy-canux/python/blob/master/python/psl/mycurses.py

import curses

platform

ctypes

import ctypes

Unix/Linux sytem

pwd

import pwd

functions:

// 根据用户名获取uid和gid
pw = getpwnam(user)  
pw.pw_uid
pw.pw_gid

getpwuid(uid)

grp

import grp

functions:

group = group.getgrnam(<group_name>)
group.gr_name // 返回组名
group.gr_mem // 返回该组的所有用户