DPKG

debian的包管理机制。

dpkg

dpkg的本地前端工具。

deb - Debian binary package format

dpkg - package manager for Debian

dpkg
dpkg -X  ./xxx.deb  xxx  # 将deb包解压到xxx目录
dpkg -e  ./xxx.deb  xxx/DEBIAN # 将control信息解压
dpkg -l | grep pkg # 查看安装的包

dpkg-reconfigure - reconfigure an already installed package

dpkg-reconfigure

dpkg-deb - Debian package archive (.deb) manipulation tool

目录结构, DEBIAN/control是必需的

|- debian_root
   |- DEBIAN
      |- control
      |- preinst/preinstallation # 解压deb包之前执行
      |- prerm/preremove
      |- postinst/postinstallation # 解压完成之后执行，通常用来配置
      |- postrm/postremove
      |- copyright
      |- changelog
      |- conffiles
   |- etc
      |- init.d/systemd
         |- <service>
      |- logrotate.d
         |- <service>
   |- user/local/...
   |- opt/...

control:

Package
Version
Description
Maintain:
Section: utils/net/mail/text/x11/...
Priority: required/standard/optional/extra/...
Essential: yes/no
Architecture: i386/amd64/...
Source:
Depends:    # 运行该process需要的依萊, 只能安装之前安装好，或者用gdebi安装
Pre-Depends:
Recommends:
Suggests:
...

postrm:

case "$1" in
    remove)
        remove
        echo "Remove complete"
    ;;

    purge)
        purge
        echo "Purge complete"
    ;;

    upgrade|failed-upgrade|disappear)
        echo "Do nothing"
    ;;

    abort-install|abort-upgrade)
        echo "Do nothing"
    ;;

    *)
        echo "$0 called with unknown argument \`$1'" 1>&2
        exit 1
    ;;
esac

创建debian包

$ dpkg-deb -b|--build <directory> [<deb>]

查看包信息

$ dpkg-deb -I XXX.deb

dpkg-query - a tool to query the dpkg database

dpkg-query

gdebi - Simple tool to install deb files

dpkg的本地前端工具。

使用gdebi安装deb包会自动解决依赖问题:

安装gdebi:

$ sudo apt-get install gdebi-core
$ sudo apt-get install gdebi-gtk
$ sudo aptitude install gdebi-core # install gdebi itself
$ sudo aptitude install gdebi-gtk # install gdebi GUI

使用gdebi:

sudo gdebi XXX.deb # install package

apt - command-line interface

dpkg的远程前端工具。

apt - command-line interface

$ apt install package

apt-get - APT package handling utility – command-line interface

$ sudo apt-get option command package

# command:
install
remove
purge
download
source
update

# install
# 可以通过apt-cache madison查看version
apt-get install <package>=<version>

# option:
-d, --download-only
--print-uris
-y,--yes,--assume-yes    # 交互时确认
-f,--force-yes
--reinstall
--allow-unauthenticated
--allow-downgrades (>= ubuntu1604)

# 打印在当前环境安装该包需要的所有以来的下载连接信息
apt-get --print-uris install package

aptitude - high-level interface to the package manager

$ sudo aptitude install package

apt-cache - query the APT cache

$ apt-cache showpkg <pkg>
$ apt-cache showsrc <pkg>
$ apt-cache search <pkg>
$ apt-cache madison <pkg> # 查看当前源可以安装的版本
$ apt-cache policy <pkg>

# 查看哪些包依赖该包
$ apt-cache rdepends <pkg>
# 查看该包依赖哪些包
$ apt-cache depends <pkg>
# 查看依赖，　以及依赖的依赖
$ apt-cache --recurse depends <pkg>

RPM

redhat的包管理机制。

rpm

rpm的本地前端工具。

rpm - RPM Package Manager

yum

rpm的远程前端工具。

yum - redirecting to DNF Command Reference

zypper

suse的包管理机制。

Alien

alien is a program that converts between Red Hat rpm, Debian deb, Stampede slp, Slackware tgz, and Solaris pkg file formats.

gbp

通过git来管理deb或rpm包．

https://github.com/agx/git-buildpackage

$sudo -E pip install gbp

fpm

通过fpm来创建deb/rpm包

https://github.com/jordansissel/fpm

patch