Linux Init

linux系统启动的第一个进程,pid=1的进程.

$ ls -l /sbin/init
$ sudo readlink /sbin/init
/sbin/init -> upstart
/sbin/init -> /lib/systemd/systemd

/etc/init.d
The directory containing System V init scripts.
通过service命令操作

/etc/init
The directory containing upstart jobs.
通过initctl命令操作

systemd

sytemd是upstart的替代版本．通过查看/sbin/init指向systemd还是upstart.

service文件位置:

/etc/systemd/system/***.service
/lib/systemd/system/*.service
/usr/lib/systemd/system/*.service

service文件编写:

https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.unit.html#

[Unit]
Description=details
After=containerd.service # 之前启动
Before= # 之后运行
Bindsto= #
Wants=containerd.service # 弱依赖
Requires= # 强依赖
StartLimitInterval=10s
StartLimitBurst=5

https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/systemd.service.html#

[Service]
Type=simple/notify/dbus/forking/idle/oneshot
ExecStartPre=
ExecStart=
ExecStartPost=
ExecStop=
ExecStopPost=
ExecReload=
KillMode=node/mixed/process/control-group
Restart=no/on-success/on-failure/on-abnormal/on-abort/on-watchdog/always # always总是开机启动，即使systemctl enable.
RestartSec=3s # 重启之前等待的时间.
TimeoutSec=  # TimeoutStartSec+TimeoutStopSec
LimitNOFILE=49152 # 限制单个service的fd

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

systemctl命令:

# 修改后需要重新加载.service文件
$ systemctl daemon-reload

$ systemctl start/stop/status ***
$ systemctl list-unit-files
$ systemctl show docker

# 设置开机自动启动
//在/etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants下创建链接
$ systemctl enable ***
$ systemctl disable ***
$ systemctl is-enabled ***

日志管理:

$ sudo journalctl -fu docker.service

upstart

/etc/init.d/***
/etc/init/***.conf

$ sudo service docker start/stop/status/reload/restart
$ sudo initctl start/stop/status/reload/restart docker
$ sudo initctl list

# 设置开机自动启动
$ update-rc.d *** defaults
# 取消开机启动
$ update-rc.d *** remove

日志管理:

$ tail -f /var/log/upstart/docker.log

Stanzas功能:

http://upstart.ubuntu.com/wiki/Stanzas?highlight=%28%28CategoryDoc%29%29#pid

# 添加服务
$ sudo vim /etc/init/docker.conf

# docker - container daemon
description  "docker"

start on runlevel [2345]
stop on runlevel [!2345]

respawn
# give up if restart occurs 10 times in 100 seconds.
respawn limit 10 100

pre-start script
    # do something before start
end script

script
    echo "ERROR: `date`: docker started by init."
    exec docker
end script

post-start script
    # do something after start
end script

# 检查语法错误
$ sudo init-checkconf /etc/init/docker.conf

# 注册服务
$ sudo initctl reload-configuration