docker-compose

通过一个yaml文件来管理容器中的服务，包括网络和存储。

安装:

https://docs.docker.com/compose/install/
$ sudo curl -L https://github.com/docker/compose/releases/download/1.21.2/docker-compose-$(uname -s)-$(uname -m) -o /usr/local/bin/docker-compose
$ sudo chmod +x /usr/local/bin/docker-compose

docker-compose命令

docker-compose [-f <arg>...] [options] [COMMAND] [ARGS...]
-f/--file
-p/--project-name # 默认目录名
-H/--host

# 拉取compose文件中指定的镜像
$ docker-compose -f service.yml pull

# 根据docker-compose.yml把stack打包成一个Distributed Application Bundles文件.
$ docker-compose bundle -o <project name>.dab

$ docker-compose start [servoce...]
$ docker-compose stop [service...]
$ docker-compose restart [service...]
$ docker-compose up -d [service...]
$ docker-compose down -v

$ docker-compose logs -f

docker-compose.yml

compose中的变量：

“x-“开头的会被compose忽略，但是会被yaml解析.

x-var-name: &default-label
  key1: val1
  key2: val2
  
services:
  mysql:
    <<: *default-label
    image: mysql

compose文件

version: "3.6"
services:
  mongo:
    image: mongo:latest
    hostname: hostname
    init
    dns
    dns_search
    expose
    extra_hosts

    healthcheck:
      test: curl -f https://host/ping || exit 1
      test: wget --no-verbose --tries=1 --spider https://host/ping || exit 1
      interval:
      timeout:
      retries:
      stat_period:

    stop_grrace_period
    isolation
    pid
    profiles
    stop_signal
    labels:
      com.example.key: value

    // start: 下列选项不能用于swarm stack部署.
    sysctls(19.03+)
    privileged: true
    depends_on:
      - service-name
    build
    cgroup_parent
    container_name
    devices:
      - /dev/vboxdrv:/dev/vboxdrv
    tmpfs
    external_links
    links
    network_mode: bridge/host/none
    restart: no(default)
    security_opt
    userns_mode
    ulimits
    cap_add
    cap_drop
    // end

    networks:
    - mynetwork
    // 只有自定义网络可以指定静态IP
    networks:
      mynetwork:
        ipv4_address: 172.19.0.100

    volumes: // short syntax
    - /container/dir // 自动创建volume
    - myvolume:/container/dir 
    - /host/dir:/container/dir
    volumes: // long syntax
    - type: valume/bind/tmpfs
      source: 
      target:
      read_only:
      bind:
      volume:
      tmpfs:
      consistency:
    volumes:
    - "/path/to/file:/path/to/file 挂载文件
    
    configs:
    - my-conf
    configs:
    - source: config-name
      target: file-name
     
    secrets:
    - my-sec
    secrets:
    - source: secret-name
      target: file-name in /run/secrets/
    
    logging:
      driver: syslog
      options:
        syslog-address: "tcp://192.168.0.42:123"

    ports:  // long syntax
    - target: 80
      published: 8080
      mode: host
      protocol: tcp/udp
    ports: // short syntax
      - 80  // host上的port没有指定就是一个随机的port
      - 80:80
      - 1234:1234/udp

    // 设置环境变量
    environment:
      RABBITMQ_DEFAULT_USER: sandbox
      RABBITMQ_DEFAULT_PASS: password
    environment:
      - RABBITMQ_DEFAULT_USER=sandbox
      - RABBITMQ_DEFAULT_PASS=password
      - TZ=UTC   // 设置时区
    <https://docs.docker.com/compose/compose-file/#env_file>
    # When you set the same environment variable in multiple files, 
    # here’s the priority used by Compose to choose which value to use:
    # 1. Compose file (environment)
    # 2. Shell environment variables(export key=value)
    # 3. Environment file (env_file)
    # 4. Dockerfile
    # 5. Variable is not defined
    env_file:

    entrypoint:

    command: ["./wait-for-it.sh", "db:5432", "--", "python", "app.py"]

    // 块结构，和上面的[]等效.
    command: 
    - "./wait-for-it.sh"
    - ":b:5432"
    - "--"
    - "python"
    - "app.py"

    // 解析为: "line1 line2\n",  会自动加换行符.
    command: >
    line1
    line2

    // 解析为: "line1 line2", 没有换行符.
    command: >-
    line1
    line2

    // start:  下面三个deploy下面的字段，也能用于非swarm模式.
    // 在compose v3 中针对非swarm模式的container做资源限制等操作.
    // --compatibility If set, Compose will attempt to convert keys in v3 files to their non-Swarm equivalent
    $ docker-compose --compatibility up -d
    // --compatibility 支持下面三种key:
    replicas:
    restart_policy:
      condition: any(default)
      max_attempts:
    resources:
      limits:
        cpus: '0.5'
        memory: 1G
      reservations:
        cpus: '0.25'
        memory: 20M


// start: 定义config/secret/volume/netework资源
configs:
  c-name:
    // 根据文件创建
    file: ./httpd.conf
    // 使用已经创建好的
    external: true

secrets:
  s-name:
    // 根据文件创建
    file: ./server.cert
    // 使用已经创建好的
    external: true

volumes:
  data-volume:

// 以定义好的volume
volumes:
  data:
    external: true

// (推荐)使用已经创建好的网络
// 通过命令行或者api 创建网络
networks:
  mynetwork:
    external: true
    name: lan0 // 通过docker network ls 查看名字

// 创建bridge网络
// 会在网络名字自动加namespace
networks:
  mynetwork:
    driver: bridge
    driver_opts:
      com.docker.network.bridge.name: lan0
    ipam:
      driver: default
      config:
        - subnet: 192.168.1.0/24

// 创建overlay网络
// 会在网络名字自动加namespace
networks:
  ol0:
    driver: overlay
    attachable: true
    driver_opts:
      com.docker.network.bridge.name: ol0
    ipam:
      driver: default
      config:
      - subnet: 172.12.0.0/16

compose文件中用到的变量

.Service.ID Service ID 
.Service.Name Service name 
.Service.Labels Service labels 
.Node.ID Node ID 
.Node.Hostname Node Hostname 
.Task.ID Task ID 
.Task.Name Task name 
.Task.Slot Task slot

yaml变量：

key: &varhash    value
key1: *varhash

# 定义变量
list: 
  &varlist
  key1: value1
  key2: value2
# 将list的元素赋值给list1
list1: 
  <<: *varlist   
  key3: value2

Kompose

https://github.com/kubernetes/kompose

install:

$ curl -L https://github.com/kubernetes/kompose/releases/download/v1.19.0/kompose-linux-amd64 -o kompose

$ chmod +x kompose
$ sudo mv ./kompose /usr/local/bin/kompose